{"id":82113,"date":"2024-04-30T15:16:36","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T20:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/?p=82113"},"modified":"2024-11-19T22:23:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T04:23:12","slug":"aslan-and-bacchus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/aslan-and-bacchus\/","title":{"rendered":"Aslan and Bacchus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recent weeks there have been new conversations about European Paganism, Christianity, and whether it\u2019s possible that the two are compatible. Platonists like Arvoll believe a fusion is necessary. \u201cI realize the idea that we can have and celebrate both our Pagan and Christian traditions at the same time is offensive to both Pagans and Christians, and that I&#8217;m doomed to get hate for promoting it, but it is true and is the view that will ultimately win.\u201d\u00a0 Modern Christians are largely hostile toward Paganism, associating it with leftist Wiccan and Satanic groups. More surprisingly we see Christians getting outraged at European cultural ceremonies such as a prayer to Apollo for 2024 Olympics. Even most boomer Christians would be more open to these kinds of traditions. All of this brings to mind some ideas about the fusion of Paganism and Christianity from two great Christian thinkers- G.K. Chesterton and C.S. Lewis.<\/span><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82114 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T232722.620.png?resize=640%2C231&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T232722.620.png?resize=300%2C108&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T232722.620.png?resize=768%2C277&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T232722.620.png?resize=888%2C321&amp;ssl=1 888w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T232722.620.png?w=891&amp;ssl=1 891w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82115 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T233656.975.png?resize=524%2C540&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T233656.975.png?resize=291%2C300&amp;ssl=1 291w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T233656.975.png?resize=768%2C793&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-29T233656.975.png?w=779&amp;ssl=1 779w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Orthodoxy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Chesterton wrote,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is said that Paganism is a religion of joy and Christianity of sorrow; it would be just as easy to prove that Paganism is pure sorrow and Christianity pure joy. Such conflicts mean nothing and lead nowhere. Everything human must have in it both joy and sorrow; the only matter of interest is the manner in which the two things are balanced or divided. And the really interesting thing is this, that the pagan was (in the main) happier and happier as he approached the earth, but sadder and sadder as he approached the heavens. The gaiety of the best Paganism, as in the playfulness of Catullus or Theocritus, is, indeed, an eternal gaiety never to be forgotten by a grateful humanity. But it is all a gaiety about the facts of life, not about its origin. To the pagan the small things are as sweet as the small brooks breaking out of the mountain; but the broad things are as bitter as the sea. When the pagan looks at the very core of the cosmos he is struck cold. Behind the gods, who are merely despotic, sit the fates, who are deadly. Nay, the fates are worse than deadly; they are dead. And when rationalists say that the ancient world was more enlightened than the Christian, from their point of view they are right. For when they say &#8220;enlightened&#8221; they mean darkened with incurable despair. It is profoundly true that the ancient world was more modern than the Christian. The common bond is in the fact that ancients and moderns have both been miserable about existence, about everything, while medi\u00e6vals were happy about that at least. I freely grant that the pagans, like the moderns, were only miserable about everything\u2014they were quite jolly about everything else. I concede that the Christians of the Middle Ages were only at peace about everything\u2014they were at war about everything else. But if the question turn on the primary pivot of the cosmos, then there was more cosmic contentment in the narrow and bloody streets of Florence than in the theatre of Athens or the open garden of Epicurus. Giotto lived in a gloomier town than Euripides, but he lived in a gayer universe.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chesterton makes an interesting comparison between the metaphysics of the ancient world and the modern world. A similar sentiment is expressed by Edith Hall-Professor of Classics at King&#8217;s College London- when discussing Greek Tragedy and the God Dionysus:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"qme\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud83c\udfad <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/WUvRBzRUmj\">pic.twitter.com\/WUvRBzRUmj<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; wpp\ud83c\udfad (@skycaptaingroyp) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/skycaptaingroyp\/status\/1750235137386705258?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 24, 2024<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is Chesterton right in his pessimistic attitude toward Paganism? In Orthodoxy he also says:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those countries in Europe which are still influenced by priests, are exactly the countries where there is still singing and dancing and coloured dresses and art in the open-air. Catholic doctrine and discipline may be walls; but they are the walls of a playground. Christianity is the only frame which has preserved the pleasure of Paganism. We might fancy some children playing on the flat grassy top of some tall island in the sea. So long as there was a wall round the cliff&#8217;s edge they could fling themselves into every frantic game and make the place the noisiest of nurseries. But the walls were knocked down, leaving the naked peril of the precipice. They did not fall over; but when their friends returned to them they were all huddled in terror in the centre of the island; and their song had ceased.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s a haunting image of humanity in a state of nihilism, devoid of any boundaries and thus completely lacking definition. However, it seems like Chesterton contradictions himself here. He sees the Pagan world as a cruel and empty place, but the \u201cpleasure of Paganism\u201d is preserved in Catholicism. This concept truly comes to life in the works of his successor, C.S. Lewis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C.S. Lewis was greatly influenced by Chesterton\u2019s outlook. His Narnia series is an homage to multiple Pagan traditions as well as Christianity. Narnia is full of talking beasts, centars, fawns, minotaurs, dryads, satyrs, river gods and tree spirits. Each book is usually about a group of English school children who magically travel to Narnia during a time of turmoil. With the help of the great Lion-God, Aslan, the children find courage and moral strength to become Kings and Queens of Narnia and defeat their foes. The Christian metaphysics of this world is very clearly depicted- perhaps more clearly than the bible itself. The central theme of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was about the redemption of Edmund who betrayed his family and the Narnians for wealth and power. Christ is depicted as a noble but ferocious predator animal- powerful, but righteous.An Apollonian Lion God, but also with the love, forgiveness, and self sacrifice of Christ. Lewis emphasizes the Grace of Christ. The witch demands Edmund\u2019s death as a fulfillment of the law, the \u201cdeep magic\u201d, for his sin. Aslan, who \u201cwas there when it was written\u201d shatters the \u201cStone Table&#8221; and overcomes the old law through his sinless sacrifice. This situation would look quite different in a world with a Pagan metaphysics- perhaps less of an emphasis on Edmund\u2019s sin and guilt, but rather his development as a warrior. And we do see those elements in these stories. The children come from a stuffy, boring, increasingly secular, increasingly modern world. Lewis wanted a return not just to Christianity, but romanticism, fantasy, heroism, and mythology in general. Narnia is about the English children returning to tradition, becoming warrior kings and queens, and waging war. Like Aslan, they become beasts of prey who can kill their political enemies. Discovering Narnian magic isn\u2019t just about childhood wonder, or about Christian faith. In believing in Aslan these children are awakening a European mythology deep within their psyche.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0In the second book of the series <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prince Caspian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the four children return to Narnia hundreds of years after their reign as kings and queens. The native Narnians are subjugated by the cruel foreign King Miraz who suppresses any conversation about the old world and usurped his Nephew as rightful heir to the throne- Prince Caspian. As they travel to meet the prince the children are frustrated by their journey. It takes time for them to become the kings and queens they once were. Aslan appears to them but they don\u2019t see him at first. After they set aside their fear and begin to have faith the magic begins to return.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82121 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613.jpg?resize=574%2C766&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"574\" height=\"766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?resize=1152%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1152w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?resize=450%2C600&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_000613-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One moonlit night Lucy, the youngest in the group, stares out at the constellations in the sky.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And there they were- at least three of the summer constellations could be seen from where she lay: the Ship, the Hammer, and the Leopard. \u201cDear old Leopard,\u201d she murdered happily to herself.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She walks among the trees in the woods, wishing they were animated by the spirits of the tree gods like they once were. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOh, Trees, Trees, Trees,\u201d said Lucy (though she had not been intending to speak at all). \u201cOh, Trees, wake, wake, wake. Don\u2019t you remember it? Don\u2019t you remember me? Dryads and Hamadryads, come out, come to me.\u201d <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then all the trees began to rustle and for a moment and she thought they were alive again. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The rustling died away&#8230;Yet Lucy had a feeling (as you sometimes have when you are trying to remember a name or a date and almost get it, but it vanishes before you really do) that she had just missed something.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lucy has a deep long lost memory of the tree gods and she possesses the power within herself to summon them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The children and their dwarf companion finally catch up to Aslan. He prepares to reawaken the magic and rally his Narnian forces. But before the proceedings begin, a very curious figure shows up. It is none other than the great equivocator and tempter himself, the giver of riches, the roaring one, the mad god Dionysus, aka Bacchus. Bacchus is the god of wine and revelry in Greek and Roman mythology. He travels around with Bacchanal and Manades- bands of women who dance and worship the mad god. This could also sometimes involve drunkenness and orgiastic rituals. He is the only named Pagan god in the Narnia universe.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82132 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409.jpg?resize=640%2C271&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C127&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C432&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C324&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C648&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C864&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_002409-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>She never saw where certain other people came from who were soon capering about among the trees. One was a youth, dressed only in a fawn-skin, with vine-leaves wreathed in his curly hair. His face would have been almost too pretty for a boy\u2019s, if it had not looked so extremely wild.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You felt, as Edmund said when he saw him a few days later, \u201cThere\u2019s a chap who might do anything- absolutely anything.\u201d He seemed to have a great many names- Bromios, Bassareus, and the Ram were three of them. There were a lot of girls with him, as wild as he. There was even, unexpectedly, someone on a donkey. And everybody was laughing: and everybody was shouting out, \u201cEuan, eaun, eu-oi-oi-oi.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt is a Romp, Aslan?\u201d cried the youth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And soon not only leaves but vines. They were climbing up everything. They were running up the legs of the tree people and circling round their necks. Lucy put up her hands to push back her hair and found she was pushing back vine branches. The donkey was a mass of them. His tail was completely entangled and something dark was nodding between his ears. Lucy looked again and it was a bunch of grapes. After that it was mostly grapes- overhead and underfoot and all around. \u201cRefreshments! Refreshments,\u201d roared the old man. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At that moment the sun was just rising and lucy remembered something and whispered to Susan, \u201cI say, Su, I know who they are.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWho?\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe boy with the wild face is Bacchus and the old one on the donkey is Silenus. Don\u2019t you remember Mr Tumnus telling us about them long ago?\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYes, of course. But I say, Lu-\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cWhat?\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have felt safe with Bacchus and all his wild girls if we\u2019d met them without Aslan.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI should think not,\u201d said Lucy.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the group first got to Aslan the dwarf \u201cTrumpkin\u201d was most skeptical. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAnd now!\u201d said Aslan in a much louder voice with just a hint of roar in it, while his tail lashed his flanks. \u201cAnd now, where is this little Dwarf, this famous swordsman and archer, who doesn\u2019t believe in lions? Come here, son of Earth, come HERE!\u201d- and the last word was no longer the hint of a roar but almost the real thing.\u201d <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frightened, Trumpkin stumbles toward Aslan and <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aslan pounced. Have you ever seen a very young kitten being carried in the mother cat\u2019s mouth? It was like that. The Dwarf, hunched up in a little, miserable ball, hung from Aslan\u2019s mouth. The lion gave him one shake and all his armor rattled like a tinker\u2019s pack and then- hey- presto- the Dwarf flew up in the air. He was as safe as he had been in bed, though he did not feel so. As he came down the huge velvety paws caught him as gently as a mother\u2019s arms and set him (right way up, too) on the ground. \u201cSon of Earth, shall we be friends?\u201d asked Aslan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82133 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507.jpg?resize=640%2C420&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C671&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C503&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1007&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1342&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_004507-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In one of Homer\u2019s hyms to Dionysus, Dionysus\/ Bacchus is kidnapped by pirates and tied up on their ship. Strange things begin to happen. Wine began to stream throughout the whole ship. Ivy vines appeared everywhere, wrapping around the sails and blossoming with flowers and berries. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The god changed into a dreadful lion there on the ship, in the bows, and roared loudly: amidships also he showed his wonders and created a shaggy bear which stood up ravening, while on the forepeak was the lion glaring fiercely with scowling brows. And so the sailors fled into the stern and crowded bemused about the right-minded helmsman, until suddenly the lion sprang upon the master and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they leapt out overboard one and all into the bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate, and were changed into dolphins. But on the helmsman Dionysus had mercy and held him back and made him altogether happy, saying to him: <\/span>\u2018Take courage, good&#8230;; you have found favour with my heart. I am loud-crying Dionysus whom Cadmus\u2019 daughter Semele bare of union with Zeus.\u2019<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82134 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T005241.807.png?resize=605%2C566&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"605\" height=\"566\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Lewis\u2019 world we see Baccus as himself, but we also see Dionysian traits in the character of Aslan. Walter Otto writes in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dionysus Myth and Cult:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roman writers, following, of course, the Greek tradition, like to name the lynx as a beast of Dionysus&#8230; The panther or leopard, and the lynx (the tiger, too, is added in the references out of Roman literature) have that very thing in common which justifies comparing them in more than one respect with the nature and actions of the maenads. This makes itself felt most in the panther, which was, after all, the most loyal attendant of the god. Of all the cats devoted to Dionysus, it was not only the most graceful and fascinating but also the most savage and blood thirsty. The lighting-fast agility and perfect elegance of its movements, whose purpose is murder, exhibit the same union of beauty and fatal danger found in the mad women who accompany Dionysus.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right before Baccus appears, Aslan <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lifted his head, shook his mane, and roared. The sound, deep and throbbing at first like an organ beginning on a low note, rose and became louder, and then far louder again, till the earth and air were shaking with it. It rose up from the hill and floated across all Narnia&#8230; Down below that in the Great River, now at its coldest hour, the heads and shoulders of the nymphes, and the great weedy-bearded head of the river-god, rose from the water. Beyond it, in every field and wood, the alert ears of rabbits rose from their holes, the sleepy heads of birds came out from under wings, owls hooted, vixens barked, hedgehogs grunted, the trees stirred.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Walter Otto writes about Bacchus <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He is called \u201cthe roarer,\u201d Bromios, a surname which appeared early, all by itself, as the name of the god. \u201cA din filled the forest,\u201d as the god who had just come of age passed through with his female attendants. He is the \u201cloud shouter\u201d He, himself is called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u00faios <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the echoing shouts of joy&#8230;.shrill-sounding instruments accompany him&#8230; A series of mythic stories and descriptions make us keenly aware of the overpowering spirit of the Dionysiac din which makes its violent entry as it captivates and inspires dread at one and the same time.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most depictions of Bacchus include a retinue of dancing magical creatures. It\u2019s fascinating to see them come to life in Narnia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82135 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/farnes09.jpg?resize=640%2C518&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/farnes09.jpg?resize=300%2C243&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/farnes09.jpg?resize=768%2C622&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/farnes09.jpg?w=830&amp;ssl=1 830w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacchus myths often depict him coming from across the sea. Aslan is described multiple times as mysteriously arriving from across the sea. Baccus is also known as \u201cthe god who appears\u201d or \u201cthe god who comes\u201d. Otto writes <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cult forms give us the clearest evidence of the violence with which he forces his way in- a violence which affects the myth so passionately. These forms present him as the god who comes, the god of epiphany, whose appearance is far more urgent, far more compelling than that of any other god. He had disappeared, and now he will suddenly be here again. <\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likewise, Aslan appears when he is needed and disappears when his work is done.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Old Narnians are in a war with a large, foreign, secular army led by King Miraz, however there is still division among the old Narnians. Some want to resurrect the dark magic of the white witch. This reflects three conflicting forces that Lewis was facing in his time. Miraz represents the growing secular liberal state that wished to forget about the old ways. The temptation of the witch magic represents returning to the darker side of the old traditions which involves punishment, revenge, and blood sacrifice. The third path is the restoration of the rightful kings and the noble tradition of the Old Narnians who follow Aslan. They must return to nature and to the volk, but not to barbarism and cruelty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toward the end of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prince Caspian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the prince, Edmund, and Peter engage in fierce combat with King Miraz and his troops. Meanwhile, <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The whole party moved off- Aslan leading, Bacchus and his Maenads leaping, rushing, and turning somersaults, the beasts frisking round them, and Silenus and his donkey bringing up the rear.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They go to the bridge on the river Beruna where the river god says <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cHail, Lord&#8230; Lose my chains.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBacchus,\u201d said Aslan. \u201cDeliver him from his chains.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bacchus and his people splashed forward into the shallow water, and a great minute later the most curious things began to happen. Great strong trunks of ivy came curling up all the piers of the bridge, growing as quickly as a fire grows, wrapping the stones round, splitting, breaking, separating them. The walls of the bridge turned into hedges gay with hawthorn for a moment and then disappeared as the whole thing with a rush and a rumble collapsed into the swirling water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82149 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429.jpg?resize=640%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C179&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C611&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C458&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C916&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1222&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_013429-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The band traveled throughout the town and came to a girls school. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A girls school, where a lot of Narnian girls, with their hair done very tight and ugly tight collars round their necks and thick tickly stockings on their legs, were having a history lesson. The sort of \u201cHistory\u201d that was taught in Narnia under Miraz\u2019s rule was duller than the truest history you ever read and less true than the most exciting adventure story. \u201cIf you don\u2019t attend, Gwendolen,\u201d said the mistress, \u201cand stop looking out of the window, I shall have to give you an order-mark.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBut please, Miss Prizzle-\u201d began Gwendolen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cDid you hear what I said , Gwendolen?\u201d asked Miss Prizzle. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBut please, Miss Prizzle,\u201d said Gwendolen, \u201cThere\u2019s a Lion!\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cTake two order-marks for talking nonsense,\u201d said Miss Prizzle. \u201cAnd now-\u201d A roar interrupted her. Ivy came curling in at the windows of the classroom. The walls became a mass of shimmering green, and leafy branches arched overhead where the ceiling had been. Miss Prizzle found she was standing on grass in a forest glade. She clutched at her desk to steady herself, and found that the desk was a rose-bush. Wild People such as she had never even imagined were crowding round her. Then she saw the Lion, screamed and fled, and with her fled her class who were mostly dumpy, prim little girls with fat legs. Gwendolen hesitated. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYou\u2019ll stay with us, sweetheart?\u201d said Aslan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Oh, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">may <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I? Thank you, thank you,\u201d said Gwendolen. Instantly she joined hands with two of the Maenads, who whirled her round in a merry dance and and helped her take off some of the unnecessary and uncomfortable clothes that she was wearing.\u201d <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their merry band swept through the town with many joining them. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At every farm animals came out to join them. Sad old donkeys who had never known joy grew suddenly young again; chained dogs broke their chains; horses kicked their carts to pieces and came trotting along with them- clop-clop &#8211;\u00a0 kicking up the mud and whinnying. At a well in a yard they met a man who was beating a boy. The stick burst into flower in the man&#8217;s hand. He tried to drop it, but it stuck to his hand. His arm became a branch, his body the trunk of a tree, his feet took root. The boy, who had been crying a moment before, burst out laughing and joined them. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They went to another school where a girl was teaching a class of boys who \u201clooked very like pigs\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cFrightened?\u201d said the most pig-like of the boys. \u201cWho\u2019s she talking to out the window? Lets tell the inspector she talks to people out of the window when she ought to be teaching us\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLet&#8217;s go and see who it is,\u201d said another boy, and they all came crowding to the window. But as soon as their mean little faces looked out, Bacchus gave a great cry of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Euan, euoi-oi-oi-oi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and boys all began howling with fright and trampling one another down to get out of the door and jumping out of the windows. And it was said afterward (whether truly or not) that those particular boys were never seen again, but that there were a lot of very fine little pigs in that part of the country which had never been there before.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then Aslan went to a woman on her deathbed and spoke to her, restoring her health. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201chere you are, mother,\u201d said Bacchus dipping a pitcher in the cottage well and handing it to her. But what was in it now was not water but the richest wine, red as red-currant jelly, smooth as oil, strong as beef, warming as tea, cool as dew.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82150 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331.jpg?resize=640%2C403&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C643&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C483&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C965&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1287&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240430_020331-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book concludes with another party. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then Bacchus and Silenus and the Maenads began a dance, far wilder than the dance of the trees; not merely a dance for fun and beauty (though it was that too) but a magic dance of plenty, and where their hands touched, and where their feet fell, the feast came into existence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best thing of all about this feast was that there was no breaking up or going away, but as the talk grew quieter and slower, one after another would begin to nod and finally drop off to sleep with feet towards the fire and good friends on either side, till at last there was silence all round the circle, and the chattering of the water over stone at the Ford of Beruna could be heard once more. But all night Aslan and the Moon gazed upon each other with joyful and unblinking eyes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lewis\u2019 interest in Bacchus is very fascinating and surprising. With Bacchus, Lewis is depicting a kind of Pagan primordial innocence that exists independent of the problem of sin. The world before the fall, and the world that was regained by Christ. The sensuality of Bacchus was never the problem. My favorite passage by Lewis is what he says on sexual morality in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mere Christianity<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The biological purpose of sex is children, just as the biological purpose of eating is to repair the body. Now if we eat whenever we feel inclined and just as much as we want, it is quite true that most of us will eat too much: but not terrifically too much. One man may eat enough for two, but he does not eat enough for ten. The appetite goes a little beyond its biological purpose, but not enormously. But if a healthy young man indulged his sexual appetite whenever he felt inclined, and if each act produced a baby, then in ten years he might easily populate a small village. This appetite is in ludicrous and preposterous excess of its function.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Or take it another way. You can get a large audience together for a strip tease act \u2014 that is, to watch a girl undress on the stage. Now suppose you came to a country where you could fill a theatre by simply bringing a covered plate on to the stage and then slowly lifting the cover so as to let every one see, just before the lights went out, that it contained a mutton chop or a bit of bacon, would you not think that in that country something had gone wrong with the appetite for food? And would not anyone who had grown up in a different world think there was something equally queer about the State of the sex instinet among us?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Lewis, sensual animal impulses are not wrong in themselves. A Baccic excess of sexuality isn\u2019t even a bad thing. Sexual sin is often a misdirected and unfulfilling form of indulgence. Joy and pleasure are not the enemy- rather exhaustion and sickliness creates a distortion of life that leads to an obsessive, unhealthy view of sexuality. This gives us a clue into the connection between Bacchus and Christ. Many point out the superficial similarities between the two- born of a mortal woman, turns water into wine, dies and rises again. But the most important connection lies in the character of Jesus on the Sermon of the Mount- his step beyond good and evil. In the act of loving your enemy you no longer see them as \u201cinherently evil\u201d. The seriousness of guilt and punishment is swept aside and instead we find permission to be our natural spontaneous selves- who we are without the corruption of sin and the weight of The Law. Lewis blends these elements together in Aslan. Aslan is Christ, and Dionysus, and Apollo. A figure of redemption, of innocent creative spontaneity, and of the highest power and nobility. But perhaps there\u2019s more to the story and Lewis reveals something about himself by mysteriously bringing Bacchus, all by himself, into this world. Maybe this connection was similar to a connection that someone else made- someone the complete opposite of the Christian Englishman Lewis. Bacchus was the favorite god of the atheist, anti Christian German- Friedrich Nietzsche.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82151 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dionysus.gif?resize=640%2C203&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dionysus.gif?resize=300%2C95&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/dionysus.gif?resize=768%2C244&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <em>Twilight of the Idols <\/em>he writes: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I know of no higher symbolism than this Greek symbolism, this symbolism of the Dionysian phenomenon. In it the profoundest instinct of life, the instinct that guarantees the future of life and life eternal, is understood religiously,\u2014the road to life itself, procreation, is pronounced holy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The saying of Yea to life, including even its most strange and most terrible problems, the will to life rejoicing over its own inexhaustibleness in the sacrifice of its highest types\u2014this is what I called Dionysian, this is what I divined as the bridge leading to the psychology of the tragic poet. Not in order to escape from terror and pity, not to purify one\u2019s self of a dangerous passion by discharging it with vehemence\u2014this is how Aristotle understood it\u2014but to be far beyond terror and pity and to be the eternal lust of Becoming itself\u2014that lust which also involves the lust of destruction.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a holiness in the primitive lust of Bacchus. A lust and a will that is deeper than what fearful moralists and control freaks can ever understand. In <em>The Bacchae<\/em>, self righteous, hard hearted king Pentheus tries to abolish the worship of Dionysus. Dionysus puts a spell on all the women in the city causing them to travel to the mountains and join his Baccic worshipers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Dionysus:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thou knowest not what end thou seekest, nor<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What deed thou doest, nor what man thou art!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Pentheus<\/strong> (mocking)<strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ag\u00e2v\u00ea&#8217;s son, and on the father&#8217;s part<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ech\u00eeon&#8217;s, hight Pentheus!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Dionysus:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So let it be,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A name fore-written to calamity!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Pentheus:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Away, and tie him where the steeds are tied;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aye, let him lie in the manger!\u2014There abide<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And stare into the darkness!\u2014And this rout<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of womankind that clusters thee about,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thy ministers of worship, are my slaves!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It may be I will sell them o&#8217;er the waves,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hither and thither; else they shall be set<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To labour at my distaffs, and forget<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their timbrel and their songs of dawning day!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Dionysus:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I go; for that which may not be, I may<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not suffer! Yet for this thy sin, lo, He<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whom thou deniest cometh after thee<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For recompense. Yea, in thy wrong to us,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thou hast cast Him into thy prison-house!<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82161 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/LSE_SKAC_GA0929-001.jpg?resize=640%2C415&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/LSE_SKAC_GA0929-001.jpg?resize=300%2C195&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/LSE_SKAC_GA0929-001.jpg?resize=1024%2C666&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/LSE_SKAC_GA0929-001.jpg?resize=768%2C500&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/LSE_SKAC_GA0929-001.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here Pentheus is seething and is trying to use force and political power to overcome primordial forces of nature. The harder he tries to cling on, the more he shoots himself in the foot. He lacks respect for a deeper order that he can\u2019t control. Lewis seems to be echoing this story in the events of Prince Caspian. Bacchus and his Maenads free the schoolgirl Gwendolen from her hyper moralistic teacher. She takes off her clothes and joins the dance. A very shocking image from a Christian author. But for men like Lewis and Nietzsche, there is nothing dirty about this. It is sexuality being glorified and channeled in the proper direction, without the need for moralizing and law.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blessed Land of Pi\u00ebrie,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dionysus loveth thee;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0He will come to thee with dancing,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Come with joy and mystery;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the Maenads at his hest<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Winding, winding to the West;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0Cross the flood of swiftly glancing<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Axios in majesty;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cross the Lydias, the giver<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0Of good gifts and waving green;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cross that Father-Stream of story,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through a land of steeds and glory<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rolling, bravest, fairest River<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0E&#8217;er of mortals seen!<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A God of Heaven is he,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0And born in majesty;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Yet hath he mirth In the joy of the Earth,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0And he loveth constantly<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Her who brings increase,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Feeder of Children, Peace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 No grudge hath he of the great;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0No scorn of the mean estate;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0But to all that liveth His wine he giveth,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Griefless, immaculate;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Only on them that spurn<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Joy, may his anger burn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Love thou the Day and the Night;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Be glad of the Dark and the Light;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0And avert thine eyes From the lore of the wise,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0That have honour in proud men&#8217;s sight.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The simple nameless herd of Humanity<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hath deeds and faith that are truth enough for me!<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nietzsche also sees Bacchus as the god of eternal recurrence. Narnia seems to be a land of eternal recurrence. The children return again and again, reliving their lives as kings and queens of Narnia. Eternal Sons of Adam and Daughters of Eve. But Narnia had a beginning. Aslan sang Narnia into existence. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the darkness something was happening at last. A voice had begun to sing. It was very far away and Digory found it hard to decide from what direction it was coming. Sometimes it seemed to come from all directions at once. Sometimes he almost thought it was coming out of the earth beneath them. Its lower notes were deep enough to be the voice of the earth herself. There were not words. There was hardly even a tune. But it was, beyond comparison, the most beautiful noise he had ever heard. It was so beautiful he could hardly bear it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The lion was singing still. But now the song had once more changed. It was more like what we should call a tune, but it was also far wilder. It made you want to run and jump and climb. It made you want to shout. It made you want to rush at other people and either hug them or fight them.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All of the animals of creation emerge out of the earth. A formless tone evolves into a complex and energetic song.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Thus Spake Zarathustra, Nietzsche talks about the three metamorphoses: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To create new values\u2014that, even the lion cannot yet accomplish: but to create itself freedom for new creating\u2014that can the might of the lion do.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To create itself freedom, and give a holy Nay even unto duty: for that, my brethren, there is need of the lion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To assume the right to new values\u2014that is the most formidable assumption for a load-bearing and reverent spirit. Verily, unto such a spirit it is preying, and the work of a beast of prey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As its holiest, it once loved \u201cThou shalt\u201d: now is it forced to find illusion and arbitrariness even in the holiest things, that it may capture freedom from its love: the lion is needed for this capture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But tell me, my brethren, what the child can do, which even the lion could not do? Why hath the preying lion still to become a child?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Innocence is the child, and forgetfulness, a new beginning, a game, a self-rolling wheel, a first movement, a holy Yea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aye, for the game of creating, my brethren, there is needed a holy Yea unto life: ITS OWN will, willeth now the spirit; HIS OWN world winneth the world\u2019s outcast.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this metaphor, a lion- a beast of prey- is required to create the freedom to create new values. But true creation, innocence, spontaneity, requires a child like \u201choly yea\u201d. We see this initial creative power in Aslan and Bacchus.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Orthodoxy, Chesterton says <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is what makes Christendom at once so much more perplexing and so much more interesting than the Pagan empire; just as Amiens Cathedral is not better but more interesting than the Parthenon. If any one wants a modern proof of all this, let him consider the curious fact that, under Christianity, Europe (while remaining a unity) has broken up into individual nations. Patriotism is a perfect example of this deliberate balancing of one emphasis against another emphasis. The instinct of the Pagan empire would have said, &#8220;You shall all be Roman citizens, and grow alike; let the German grow less slow and reverent; the Frenchmen less experimental and swift.&#8221; But the instinct of Christian Europe says, &#8220;Let the German remain slow and reverent, that the Frenchman may the more safely be swift and experimental. We will make an equipoise out of these excesses. The absurdity called Germany shall correct the insanity called France.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here Chesterton identifies an interesting connection between the originality and development of genius in European countries and \u201cabsurdity\u201d\/\u201dinsanity\u201d. Authoritarian hierarchy stifles their creativity, however, the same can be said about Christian authoritarianism. The variable isn\u2019t the paganism of the Romans. Roman idealism, Platonism, or Christian moralizing are all attempts at improving mankind in clumsy ways. Nietzsche saw this European \u201cgenius of the heart\u201d developing from a Dionysian perspective. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The genius of the heart, which imposes silence and attention on everything loud and self-conceited, which smoothes rough souls and makes them taste a new longing\u2014to lie placid as a mirror, that the deep heavens may be reflected in them;\u2014the genius of the heart, which teaches the clumsy and too hasty hand to hesitate, and to grasp more delicately; which scents the hidden and forgotten treasure, the drop of goodness and sweet spirituality under thick dark ice, and is a divining-rod for every grain of gold, long buried and imprisoned in mud and sand&#8230;I have also encountered on my path many strange and dangerous spirits; above all, however, and again and again, the one of whom I have just spoken: in fact, no less a personage than the God DIONYSUS.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lewis proved this to be true. He didn\u2019t need \u201cPatriotism\u201d to create his mad world- he identified a pan-european Baccic creative force.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europeans have enormous spontaneous creative energy when they step beyond good and evil. Lewis wanted these English children to find that volkish unconscious primordial force inside of them. He allows them to be the Kings and Queens they were born to be. He shattered the world of the stuffy English moralists. He unleashes the power of the vine. Out of the energy of exploding competing egoisms develops the most noble creatures. The evil blonde beast of prey become the noble aristocratic warrior class. Perhaps the vines of Bacchus will grow all over Chesterton\u2019s playground walls until they come crashing down.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82163 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T024022.011.png?resize=640%2C386&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T024022.011.png?resize=300%2C181&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T024022.011.png?resize=1024%2C618&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T024022.011.png?resize=768%2C464&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T024022.011.png?w=1476&amp;ssl=1 1476w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-04-30T024022.011.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-82162 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Aslan-Narnia-320x480-1.webp?resize=640%2C960&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Aslan-Narnia-320x480-1.webp?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mindseyemag.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Aslan-Narnia-320x480-1.webp?w=320&amp;ssl=1 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In recent weeks there have been new conversations about European Paganism, Christianity, and whether it\u2019s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":82164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1023,4],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[815],"class_list":["post-82113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exclusive","category-thought-peace"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.6 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - 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